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"The crossroads of the world. Many generations of men have ruled this city, but they have never subdued her. She always bounces back."
―Yusuf Tazim regarding Constantinople, 1511.[src]-[m]

Constantinople (Byzantine Greek: Konstantinoupolis; Latin: Constantinopolis or Byzantium; Turkish: Kostantiniyye or İstanbul; Old Norse: Miklagard), presently known as Istanbul, was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and, following the city's conquest in 1453, became the Ottoman Empire's capital in the year 1458.

The only major transcontinental city in the world, during the Renaissance, it was Europe's largest and wealthiest city, consisting of four distinct districts: Constantine, Bayezid, Imperial, and Galata.

History[]

Origins[]

The city began in 658 BCE as Byzantium, a modest city-state situated on First Hill. It was founded by Byzas, a devout soldier who had chosen the location based on a promising prophecy uttered by the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. The Golden Horn served as a natural port for the city.[1]

Reportedly a rowdy port town, Byzantium was nevertheless considered an "island" of Hellenic civilization due to the many barbarian tribes that surrounded it. As time went on, both the city's inhabitants and its rulers diversified, with Spartans, Macedonians, Athenians, and Romans all having controlled Byzantium at one point.[1]

Byzantine Empire[]

New Rome[]

In 324 CE, the Roman Emperor Constantine I, supposedly inspired by a vision from God, moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, which he then rebuilt and expanded with many fora as the Forum of Constantine.[2] He expanded the Hippodrome of the city, [3] bringing from the Sanctuary of Delphi the Serpent Column holding the Tripod of Plataia.[4] He also ordered the construction of the first church of the city, the Hagia Eirene.[5] When the construction was finished in 330 CE, he had the city rechristened Nova Roma Constantinopolitana, or "New Rome, City of Constantine". Colloquially, it came to be known as both "Constantinopolis" and "New Rome", as the rulers still considered themselves Romans living in the Eastern Roman Empire.[1]

During the reign of Constantine, a member of the Hidden Ones was active in the city.[6] During the next five centuries, they installed a bureau in the city, permitting them to operate across the region.

Around 361, the Emperor Julian built a harbor close to the Hippodrome and the Great Palace.[7] In 375, Valens began the construction an aqueduct through the city.[8]

The Emperor Theodosius I made many constructions in the city. He transported an Egyptian obelisk from Alexandria to the Hippodrome of Constantinople.[9] He also expanded the Harbor of Eleutherios which became the Harbor of Theodosius.[10] In 393, to commemorate his victories in battle and politics, he rebuilt the Forum Tauri which also took his name. At its center, the triumphal Column of Theodosius, built with an internal spiral staircase, allowed visitors a grand view of the city.[11] In 403, his successor and son Arcadius also built a forum.[12] In 455, the Emperor Marcian erected a column for his glory.[13]

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Constantinople served as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire—later known as Byzantine Empire—as well as a beacon of Christianity, while the West experienced barbarian attacks and economic hardship.[1] At the beginning of the 6th century, the Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus built the Cistern of Mocius on the Seventh Hill of Constantinople.[14]

After the Nikia riots in 532, the Emperor Justinian I rebuilt the Hagia Sophia and Hagia Eirene.[15] The Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus was built during his reign.[16] He also transformed a roman basilica in a cistern for the Byzantine palace complex.[17]

In the 8th century, the nun Theodosia of Constantinople was martyred for her opposition to iconoclasm. Later venerated as a saint and the Hagia Theodosia was built for her cult.[18]

Macedonian dynasty[]

By the mid-9th century, the Hidden Ones still maintained their presence in the city. In 860, they bore witness to the siege of the city by Vikings from the north-east who were known as the Rus. The Vikings raided the villages behyond the city, laying damage to the surrounding in their wake before ultimately departing. In a letter to the Hidden Ones in Alamut, the siege led them to request for more Hidden Ones as reinforcements, as they believed the Vikings would return once again.[19]

Around the 860s, Goldness settlement's jarl Rig Reidarasson arrived in Constantinople. As a Reborn Isu of Heimdall, Rig thought to convert to Christianity to fully commune with the voices that pestered his mind. His visions also led him to attempt to kill Basim Ibn Ishaq, the local Hidden Ones' bureau leader and the Reborn Isu of Loki. Rig entered the Brotherhood hideout and killed a Hidden One but not Basim. Unsuccessful, Rig left the city.[20]

In 867, the Hidden Ones Master Assassin Basim and his Acolyte Hytham were assigned to discover the Order of the Ancients' part in the city.[21] After venturing through the city,[22] they later came to garner two new allies, Thyra of the Eagle Clan[23] and leader of the Varangian guards, and Empress Eudocia Ingerina. Both women asked for the Hidden Ones' help, as they believed that Emperor Basil I planned to kill his son Leo.[24] Understanding, the Hidden Ones agreed to help by having Hytham undercover as a new Varangian guard.[25]

While Hytham protected Leo as his guard,[26] he and Basim also began to investigate Leo's circle as possible suspects. However, troubles arose due to Basil and others' eyes on him.[27][28][29] Meanwhile, Hytham began to care for the boy as a father figure and even began to teach him in the Hidden Ones' ways.[30][31] While undercover, he became a target after Basil and the Order sent an assailant after him but he survived.[32]

The Order finally made their move by ordering an assault on the palace's children wing. Leo survived, but there were massive casualties on both sides and Hytham severely injured.[33] However, disobeying Basim's order, Hytham tracked a fleeing Order member but realized it was a trap.[34] Taken hostage, he was interrogated by the Order and later tortured.[35] Coming across the leader Isaac, Hytham never broke and almost died,[36] until Basim, Thyra and Leo came to rescue him from the Order. Although saving Hytham and killing most of the Order's warriors, Isaac escaped.[37]

After learning that Leo's tutor Theodore aided the Order on their palace assault,[34][38] Leo was secured while Theodore was dealt swift justice.[39] Wanting to end the Order's influence, Basim and Hytham later reconciled over their tensions and agreed to use Leo as bait at Basil's Hippodrome race.[40] Reluctant, Hytham and Thyra set up the emperor's box to be accessible for the Order to take Leo.[41] On the day of the race, they waited for the Order to make their move. Despite some complications,[42] the Hidden Ones made their way to the Hippodrome and later caused Basil's cart to be destroyed. This event led the Order to attack and abduct Leo in the chaos but let the Hidden Ones, Thyra, and Justin chase them into a final confrontation.[43]

During their fight, Isaac and his Order forces were defeated and killed and Leo was ultimately saved.[44] With this last failure, the Order's alliance with Basil was severed and Leo was able to grow up without anything looming over him. Saying goodbye to Hytham, Leo thanked his protector[45] while Hytham joined his mentor in leaving the city for their next task.[46]

In 870 CE,[47] the Raven Clan Viking Sigurd Styrbjornsson met and befriended Basim and Hytham in the city[48] while on his two-year journey across the world. The Hidden Ones would later accompany him in leaving Constantinople on his return trip to Fornburg, Norway.[47]

By 882 CE, Basil I opened a trade route between Constantinople and the Viking Kingdom of Dublin, tradding with the merchant Azar and the jarlskona Eivor Varinsdottir.[49]

In 908 CE, admiral Constantine Lips built a nunnery known as the Lips Monastery.[50] During the 10th century, Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos built a funerary chapel under Myrelaion Church for his wife Theodora.[51] His successor, Emperor Constantine VII ordered the restoration and expansion of the Walled Obelisk in the Hippodrome, which took his name.[52]

The Great Chain Database image

The Great Chain raised

Around 1000, two large towers were built across the mouth of the Golden Horn, with a Great Chain between them to prevent enemy ships from sailing up the waterway and attacking the sensitive and poorly defended ports of Constantinople's interior.[53]

In 1110, a lighthouse was built on a small islet at the southern entrance of the Bosphorus Strait, off the coast of Üsküdar at the east of Constantinople.[54]

During the 12th century, a newly founded Orthodox monastery expanded rapidly acquiring a library, a hospital, a second church, a courtyard, and a tomb in less than a century.[55]

Latin Empire[]

By the High Middle Ages, the city suffered its share of turmoil as well; in 1204, mass riots against the Emperor occurred, following which French and Venetian Crusaders invaded and sacked Constantinople, stealing decorations that were used for the facade of the Basilica di San Marco.[56] As a result, Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, Mentor of the Levantine Assassins, could not carry out his intentions of introducing the Assassin Brotherhood to the city and was forced to retreat.[57]

Captured by the invaders, Constantinople became part of the Latin Empire, leading to an influx of Venetian and Genoese merchants that settled on the south and north side of the Golden Horn respectively. The Vatican Clergy's see was established in an Orthodox Monastery.[55]

In 1258, an Assassin Guild was established in the city by the Venetian travellers Niccolò and Maffeo Polo, who had come from the Assassin fortress of Masyaf on the order of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad. Entrusted with the five Masyaf Keys of the Library of Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, the Polos hid them in vaults underneath the city, one beneath the Forum of the Ox, one under the Galata, one at the eastern part of the peninsula, and one under the Üsküdar's lighthouse. They also hid books from Altaïr's Library across the city, leaving clues to find the Keys. Hidding the last Masyaf Key under their trading post, inside the Yerebatan Cistern, the brothers left a map indicating where to find the books.[58]

Palaiologos Dynasty[]

In 1261, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Greek heir to the Byzantine throne, marched on Constantinople and, after a decisive victory, managed to reclaim it.[59] The Vatican Clergy's see was expelled and the building was restored as a monastery.[55] Yet, the recaptured city was struggling to survive; the Empire possessed but a mere fraction of its former land and power. Although Constantinople still flourished culturally, its population rapidly dwindled, leaving it an easy target for the continually expanding Ottoman Empire.[59]

Michael VIII's widow, Theodora Palaiologina, built a church just south of the Lips Monastery which over the next few centuries was gradually built up and renovated to such an extent that the two structures became one.[50]

In 1348, Genoese settlers built the Galata Tower as the key component to a larger defensive structure just above one of the Masyaf Keys.[60]

In 1397, Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I waged an unsuccessful attack on the city, which gave the Byzantines a minute sense of relief in the ensuing years. The Byzantine Emperors attempted to get help from leaders in Western Europe, but ongoing wars and the complicated feelings held by the Catholic west concerning their Orthodox cousins led only to a series of half-hearted gestures and weak alliances.[59]

Under the Byzantine emperor, the Assassins were hunted in the city and killed on the spot.[61]

In 1453, Constantinople was besieged by Sultan Mehmet II and his army who circumvent the Great Chain by their warships over the hills of Galata and slid them on greased tracks into the Golden Horn, far upriver from the chain.[53] Although Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos managed to hold the city for 54 days, he and his forces were eventually defeated by the attackers, thanks to the Apple of Eden in Mehmet's possession.[62] According to legends, Constantine and the Orthodox Patriarch of the city held their final vigil to Hagia Theodosia, praying for a miracle to deliver them from almost certain death. When the time came for the Emperor to lead his final defense, many hundreds of people remained in the church, adorning it with rose petals and chanting endless prayers for their safety.[18] The Emperor led a final assault where he disappeared.[59]

In the ruined city, Bayezid went first to Hagia Sofia, falling to the ground and sprinkling some raw earth over his turban as a sign of respect.[63] When Ottoman army reached Hagia Theodosia, they found it littered with rose petals and filled with heavy-hearted citizens. All who had remained were taken prisoner, and the church was converted for general military purposes.[18]

Ottoman Empire[]

Reconstruction of a capital[]

Once Constantinople had officially come under Ottoman control and became their capital, the Turks made it their priority to restore the city to its former glory, with the Sultans being tolerant of different religions. As a result, Constantinople became attractive to all kinds of people, causing the population to grow once more. It was also around this period that the city began to be called Istanbul by many of its residents.[63]

Mehmet II ordered the construction of the first Mosque of the city, the Fatih Camii. A story said that after realizing that its dome was smaller than Sofia's, he had the architect's hand cut off for lack of ambition. After this, the architect contacted a local member of the Ottoman judiciary for legal counsel. The judge sided with the architect and ordered that the Sultan's arm be cut off in retribution but it did not happen.[64]

The Sultan also ordered the construction of the Grand Bazaar near the Golden Horn, permitting easy access to and from ships arriving from all over the world, and its centralized location on the peninsula ensured all citizens had reasonable access to its bustling corridors. At its heart was built the Old Bedesten, a fortified enclosure originally used by merchants to store precious goods and expensive wares overnight.[65] With the Grand Bazaar, the Harbor of Julian lost its attractivity.[7] The Forum of Arcadius was transformed as a Bazaar in one of the poorest district of the city.[12]

Hagia Sophia 001

Hagia Sophia with its newly minarets

With the change of regime, many churches were used for other purposes. Hagia Sofia became a Mosque but as the Sultan was impressed by the monument, the structure remained unchanged. Only four minarets were added during the next century.[15] The Lips Monastery became the Fenari Mosque[50] while another monastery was converted into the Sancaktar Hayrettin Mosque.[66]. Myrelaion Church became the Bodrum Camii.[51] The Little Hagia Sofia also became a mosque[16] and another Orthodox church became the Kalenderhane Mosque.[67] The large Orthodox Monastery complex became the Zeyrek Mosque. One of the buildings became a madrasah while the Christians could pray in the church.'s facilities.[55]

With the end of the Byzantine Empire, the Assassins could once again flourish in the city. The Grand Vizier and Mentor Ishak Pasha established peace between the Brotherhood and the Ottomans Empire.[68] The Assassins built eight Assassin Dens across the city, serving as operational centers.[69] The Assassins also allied with the city's resident thieves, mercenaries, and Romani.[58]

Topkapi Palace Database image

Topkapi Palace

In 1459, Mehmet ordered the construction of a new palace at the eastern part of the city, just above one of the Masyaf Keys. After ten years, the Topkapi Palace was finished, containing a harem for raising and educating the wives of future royalty, a Divan for his meetings with the Sublime Porte, barracks for the Janissaries, and the Sultan's personal residence.[70] Near the palace, the Hagia Eirene, the first church in the city, was used as an armory by the Janissaries.[5]

Two decades after the siege of Constantinople, the Ottomans repaired Hagia Theodosia's structure for use as a place of worship, calling it Rose Mosque in remembrance of its final days as a Christian church.[18]

In 1476, after Ishak Pasha defeated the Templar Vlad Tepes, the Sultan ordered to bring his head to Constantinople as a trophy. The head was put in a prison outside the city with his sword.[71]

In 1478, the Italian Templar Bernardo Baroncelli took refuge in Constantinople after the Pazzi conspiracy failed in Florence. He was captured and brought back to Italy to be punished.[72]

In 1485, Constantine XI's nephew Manuel Palaiologos, arrived in Constantinople. He sold to the Sultan Bayezid II his rights on the throne against a large pension, becoming one of the wealthiest people in the city. Secretly, Manuel was a Templar, planning over decades the retaking of Constantinople by the Byzantines.[73]

Around 1502, the Doge of Venice, along with Sultan Bayezid II, sought to ally their considerable naval powers through a free trade treaty. However, the Templars were wary of any peace between the two, and became intent on interfering with their alliance. The Borgia family dispatched a force of mercenaries to disrupt the agreement, but they were quickly intercepted by members of the Italian Brotherhood of Assassins, who set their ship aflame before they could depart.[74][75]

After the peace with the Venetians, the Sultan Bayezid II invite the Florentine artist Leonardo Da Vinci to submit a design for a bridge that would span a 250-meter wide section of the Golden Horn. Upon seeing Leonardo's design, the Sultan felt the project was too ambitious and scrapped the idea. Four years later, Bayezid extended the same invitation to the young artist Michelangelo. But as an avowed rival of Da Vinci's, he refused the invitation outright, evidently incensed that Leonardo had been asked first.[76]

During his rule, Bayezid II built a large complex with a Mosque with unique features compared to other Mosques of the era.[77] After the death of Ishak Pasha, Bayezid entrusted his armor to his loyal bodyguard and Assassin Murat Bin Husn. He hid it in a secret sanctuary inside Hagia Sophia. Leaving clues inside the Ishak Pasha's memoir, the pages were scattered across the city.[78]

Race for Masyaf Keys[]

During this year, an earthquake greatly damaged the city. The earthquake also opened the room storing one of the Masyaf Keys hidden beneath Topkapı Palace. This Key was recovered by the Templars[79] The Templars formed a faction known as the Stewards of Byzantium and attempted to seize control of the city in the wake of Bayezid's absence, who temporarily relocated to Edirne due to his civil war with his son Selim.[61] With the Sultan's absence, the Assassins led by Yusuf Tazim could investigate the Topkapi palace grounds without attracting too much attention,[70] while fighting the Templars who tried to take control of their dens.[69]

Even if the Templars were secretly led by Manuel Palaiologos, Bayezid's son Ahmet took control of the operations, influenced by his uncle Cem to destroy the superstitions that divided men. Believing that the Altaïr's Library will lead them to the Grand Temple to accomplish their goal, the Templars searched the other Masyaf Keys in the city.[80]

ACR Welcome 2

Suleiman and Ezio Auditore arriving in Constantinople

In May 1511, after traveling to Masyaf to research his Assassin heritage, Ezio Auditore da Firenze, Mentor of the Italian Assassins, arrived in Constantinople to retrieve the other Keys before the Templars.[61] His leadership enabled the Assassins to reclaim their dens from the Byzantines and liberated most of the shops from their control, much as he had in Rome, as well as training several Assassins to the rank of Master Assassin through the assassination of key Templar agents. They prevented the assassination of the Patriarch Pachomius I of Constantinople by the Templar Cyril of Rhodes[81] and stopped Odai Dunqas to bribe the merchants of the city to turn the public opinion against the Assassins.[82]

Investigating the old Polo's post, Auditore discovered that the building was owned by the librarian Sofia Sartor. Finding the secret door leading to Yerabatan Citern, Auditore recovered the Masyaf Key and Polo's map. Working with Sartor, the Assassin localized books from Altaïr's library and the other Keys.[58] Auditore also recovered Vlad Tepes' sword and the Armor of Ishak Pasha.[83]

Prince's banquet 11

The Assassins infiltrating the Banquet

To increase his popularity, Ahmet planned to abduct his nephew Suleiman by Byzantine during a party at the Topkapi Palace to later save him and pretended to be a hero. A group of Assassins led by Auditore and Tazim was only informed that the Prince was in danger. Infiltrating the party, they prevented the plot.[84] Suleiman tasked the Mentor to investigate the Janissary's captain Tarik Barleti believing he was behind the plot.[85]

In fact, Barleti fainted to plot with Palailogos to discover the Byzantines' hideout and eliminate them before they attacked Constantinople. At the Theodosius Harbor, Barleti sold unusable riffles to the Templar to gain his trust. As Auditore wanted to spy on their deal, the Assassin provoked a riot to infiltrate the Harbor.[86] Finding the weapons, the Mentor informed Suleiman who ordered him to kill Barleti.[87] Impersonating a Janissary, the Assassin killed the captain who revealed his plan in his last breath. Barleti gave the map indicating that the Byzantine hideout was in Derinkuyu, in Cappadocia.[88]

Setting sail 9

Ezio burning the ships blocking his way

With the death of their captain, the Janissaries raised the Great Chain, preventing anyone to leave the city. As Auditore needed to leave the city to recover the last Masyaf Key and stop the Byzantines, the Assassins planned his escaped. Auditore used a bomb to destroy one of the towers, leading the chain to fall into the water. As many Ottoman ships blocked his exit, the Mentor used a Greek Fire to burn them before taking a ship captained by the Assassin Piri Reis.[89]

While Auditore was away, Ahmet ordered to abduct Sartor as she was close to Auditore. As Tazim protected her, the Templars killed him. Returning to Constantinople with the last Key, the Mentor led the Assassins to attack Theodosius Harbor where Ahmet was hidden. Confronting the Templar, the Auditore discovered that Sartor was there. Ahmet proposed to exchange the woman against the Masyaf Keys.[90]

Exchange 5

Confrontation between Assassins and Templars

In the Galata district, the Assassins proceeded to the exchange even if Ahmet tried to kill his hostage. As the two factions fought across the district, Auditore saved Sofia, and together tracked the Prince who tried to leave the city.[91] The Mentor caught him and recovered the Keys while Selim who took control of the throne, arrived and killed his brother. The new Sultan, who heard of the Assassin by his son Suleiman, banished the Mentor from Constantinople.[92]

After their travel to Masyaf, Selim allowed Auditore and Sartor one final visit to the city to sort out his affairs, at the request of his son Suleiman.[93]

Late empire[]

Years after Suleiman succeeded his father, a visiting diplomat rediscovered the Yerabatan Cistern's entrance and passed on his findings to the Sultan.[17]

In 1632, according to reports from a travelling historian, a man named Hezafen Ahmet Chelebi strapped himself into a homemade glider and threw himself off the Galata tower's cornice. According to the historian, Herzafen's flight took him over Galata and across the Bosphorus waterway, where he landed safely on the shores of the Asian continent. Awed by his apparently supernatural abilities, Sultan Murad IV paid Herzafen a fat bag of gold coins, then banished him to Algeria.[60]

In 1679, Sultan Mustafa II ordered a major restoration of Valens Aqueduct.[8]

In 1766, the city was struck once again by an earthquake that damaged the Bayezid Mosque, which was repaired after that.[77]

During the 19th century, pipes were installed to deliver water across the city, replacing the millenary Valens Aqueduct.[8]

Modern Era[]

In the middle of the 20th century, the Forum of Theodosius was unearthed after centuries of being built over, dismantled and damaged by earthquakes.[11]

In the 21st century, workers excavating the site of Theodosius Harbor in preparation for a project discovered the remains of dozens of ancient Byzantine galleys sunk deep into the soil.[10]

With no more Janissaries, Hagia Eirene served primarily as a music hall[5] and Hagia Sofia became a museum.[15]

Geography[]

Situated in the eastern part of Thrace, the city of Constantinople is boarded in the east by the Bosphorus strait that connects the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea, making the city a crossroads between Europe, Asia and the Mediterranean Sea. The estuary of the Golden Horn serves as a natural port and bisects the city into its northern and southern halves.[76]

The southern part of the city is composed of seven hills with the Lycus River cutting a straight valley between the first six hills to the east and the large Seventh Hill to the west. The Lycus is notable for the fact that the final two thousand meters of the river flow underground, before dumping into the Harbor of Theodosius on the southern edge of the city.[94]

The city's position makes it vulnerable to many earthquakes throughout history. The Mediterranean climate permitted a varied vegetation composed of palm trees, cypress and tulips among its.[95]

Districts[]

At the beginning of the 16th century, Constantinople was divided into four districts.

Bayezid District[]

Main article: Bayezid District

As the central district on the south bank of the Golden Horn, the Bayezid was the merchant heart of the city, housing the Arsenal and the Bayezid Mosque. The mercenaries and thieves installed their headquarters in the district.

Constantine District[]

Main article: Constantine District

The western and poorest part of the city, the Constantine district was full of ramshackle wooden buildings with highly mismatched rooftops. Among the poor houses, many ruins reminded the Roman past of the city, such as the Valens Aqueduct and the Forum of the Ox. The Romanies also installed their headquarters in the district.

Galata District[]

Main article: Galata District

The only district on the north bank of the Golden Horn, the Galata district was the most cosmopolitan part of the city, with travelers from Asia and Europe settling there. The Galata Tower stood out from the rest of the district by its height. The Assassins Brotherhood installed their headquarters in the district, connecting it to the sewer system to travel across the city.

Imperial District[]

Main article: Imperial District

As the total opposite of the Constantine district, the Imperial district was the eastern and wealthiest part of the city, with marble buildings. Many landmarks embellished the district as the ruins of the Hippodrome, the Grand Bazaar and the Hagia Sophia. The Imperial district was also the political center of the city, housing the Topkapı Palace.

Trivia[]

  • In Assassin's Creed: Revelations, the city was slightly smaller than Rome was in Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, but it had more buildings, and was more densely populated.
  • Alexandre Amancio, the Creative Director of the Assassin's Creed series, stated at E3 that Constantinople is a "really cool metaphor for Ezio meeting Altaïr", citing the fact that half of Constantinople was in Europe, and the other in Asia.
  • It was also stated by Darby McDevitt that Constantinople would be a meaningful meeting of Ezio and Altaïr as the city itself was formerly under Christian control, then Muslim, which suited Altaïr and Ezio as the former hailed from a Muslim culture in Syria and the latter hailed from a Christian Italy.
  • Constantinople was originally meant to be included in Assassin's Creed. [citation needed]
  • In Assassin's Creed: Revelations, it is only possible to explore the section of the city within the Wall of Constantine and Galata, despite the fact that the Wall of Constantine had been superseded by the Theodosian Walls almost a thousand years beforehand and little remained of it. The rest of the city, which is wholly inaccessible, can be seen from high locations such as top of the Galata Tower and the minarets of the Fatih Camii.

Gallery[]

Appearances[]

References[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Constantinople
  2. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Forum of Constantine
  3. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Hippodrome
  4. Discovery Tour: Ancient GreecePhokis: Tripod of Plataia and Palm Tree of Eurymedon
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Hagia Eirene
  6. Assassin's Creed: Unity
  7. 7.0 7.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Harbor of Julian
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Valens Aqueduct
  9. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Obelisk of Theodosius
  10. 10.0 10.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Harbor of Theodosius
  11. 11.0 11.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Forum of Theodosius
  12. 12.0 12.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Forum of Arcadius
  13. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Column of Marcian
  14. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Cistern of Mocius
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Hagia Sophia
  16. 16.0 16.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Little Hagia Sophia
  17. 17.0 17.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Yerebatan Cistern
  18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Rose Mosque
  19. Assassin's Creed: MirageNotes from Basim's travels: Tidings from the West
  20. Assassin's Creed: Valhalla – Rigsogur, IX. The Death of the One Who Heard Voices
  21. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 1
  22. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 2
  23. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 3
  24. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 4
  25. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 5
  26. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 8
  27. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 9
  28. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 12
  29. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 15
  30. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 10
  31. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 13
  32. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 14
  33. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 16
  34. 34.0 34.1 Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 17
  35. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 18
  36. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 19
  37. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 20
  38. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 21
  39. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 22
  40. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 25
  41. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 26
  42. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 27
  43. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 28
  44. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 29
  45. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Chapter 30
  46. Assassin's Creed: The Golden City – Epilogue
  47. 47.0 47.1 Assassin's Creed: ValhallaThe Prodigal Prince
  48. Assassin's Creed: ValhallaWhere Legends Are Born
  49. Assassin's Creed: ValhallaWrath of the DruidsOverseas Trading
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Fenari Isa Mosque
  51. 51.0 51.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Myrelaion Church
  52. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Walled Obelisk
  53. 53.0 53.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Great Chain
  54. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: The Maiden's Tower
  55. 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Zeyrek Mosque
  56. Assassin's Creed IIDatabase: Basilica di San Marco
  57. Assassin's Creed: The Secret Crusade
  58. 58.0 58.1 58.2 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsQuid Pro Quo
  59. 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Byzantines
  60. 60.0 60.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Galata Tower
  61. 61.0 61.1 61.2 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsA Warm Welcome
  62. Assassin's Creed: Recollection
  63. 63.0 63.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Ottomans
  64. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Fatih Camii
  65. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Grand Bazaar
  66. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Sancaktar Hayrettin Mosque
  67. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Kalenderhane Mosque
  68. Assassin's Creed: RebellionDatabase: Ishak Pasha
  69. 69.0 69.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsOn the Defense
  70. 70.0 70.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Topkapi Palace
  71. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsThe Impaler's Tomb
  72. Assassin's Creed IICome Out and Play
  73. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Manuel Palaiologos
  74. Assassin's Creed: Project Legacy
  75. Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood
  76. 76.0 76.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Golden Horn
  77. 77.0 77.1 Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Bayezid Mosque
  78. Assassin's Creed: Revelations – Discover Your Legacy
  79. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: Forum of the Ox
  80. Assassin's Creed: Encyclopedia
  81. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsThe Deacon, Part 2
  82. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsThe Guardian, Part 2
  83. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsHagia Sophia's Secret
  84. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsThe Prince's Banquet
  85. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsAn Uneasy Meeting
  86. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsThe Arsenal Gates
  87. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsInto the Shadows
  88. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsHonor, Lost and Won
  89. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsSetting Sail
  90. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDiscovery
  91. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsThe Exchange
  92. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsEnd of the Road
  93. Assassin's Creed: Revelations (novel)
  94. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsDatabase: River Lycus
  95. Assassin's Creed: RevelationsA Little Errand

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